PhD: yes or no? The eternal battle in the post-graduate labyrinth

An experience, even as brief as a few months of Erasmus in an advanced pharmaceutical laboratory far from home, is certainly an opportunity for new stimuli and knowledge that could not be acquired easily in other situations. But it is also a challenge that accentuates existing doubts and creates new ones. Especially when one finds itself as the only master’s student in a group of colleagues working towards their PhD. It is inevitable that the spontaneous question arises: what is the right choice for the future, PhD or industry?

On one hand, the incredible world of research, with the possibility of deepening the knowledge, working on cutting-edge projects and publishing articles in prestigious journals, is a prospect that would attract anyone after years of study dedicated to cultivating a passion for the sciences. On the other hand, reality: further years of intense study and research often accompanied by less competitive salaries compared to those offered by the private sector [1], with the sacrifices that the PhD lifestyle entails, are they worth it?

The economic gap is a fact. According to various statistics (such as those reported by Nature Biotechnology in a salary survey in the sector [2]), master’s graduates who enter industry, especially in a specialized field like pharmaceutical nanobiotechnology, can expect significantly higher starting salaries compared to a PhD student or a recent PhD graduate in academia. However, while there is a significant initial investment in pursuing a PhD, individuals who secure research-intensive or specialized roles are likely o see a positive long term return on their investments in terms of higher earnings and career advancement [3].

Beyond the economic aspects, the lifestyle must also be considered. An academic laboratory often has an intense pace, with professional satisfactions that require time and effort to achieve and to be recognized and rewarded. At the same time, however, a PhD allows for greater autonomy and flexibility in time management. A corporate environment may present greater pressure oriented towards achieving concrete results, meeting deadlines and directly contributing to the company’s economic performance, which can translate into more demanding work rhythms, although potentially compensated by greater immediate economic satisfaction.

Another point to consider concerns the actual necessity of a PhD to advance in career, even outside of academia. Opinions on this matter are divided, for some, a PhD provides depth of knowledge, advanced problem-solving skills and research autonomy that are highly valued in the private sector, opening doors to leadership roles and the management of complex projects. Others, however, believe that practical experience, the specific skills required by industry and the ability to work effectively in teams are more decisive factors and can be acquired directly in the field. A Deloitte report [4] emphasizes how companies are progressively seeking professionals with transversal skills, including business and management abilities. This trend might suggest that a PhD excessively focused on a specific research area may be less attractive than a profile that combines robust theoretical preparation with practical experience.

So, does it really make sense to “sacrifice” these years for a PhD, or would it be wiser to immediately jump into the corporate world? And can diving into a world like that of industry really lead to a loss of passion for science and the drive towards new discoveries, which characterizes the PhD experience? There is no single answer; it depends on the trends, needs and experiences of each individual. The uncertainty of the choice is tangible, but it coexists with the enthusiasm of facing a crossroad full of potential developments. Perhaps, precisely in this phase of transition, lies a unique opportunity for growth and discovery.

By Federica Piazza

References

• ABPI website, https://www.abpi.org.uk/careers/undergraduates/masters-phd-or-a-job/

• Lawrence, S. Biotech as an employer. Nat Biotechnol 25, 12 (2007).

• Hagemeier NE, Murawski MM. Economic analysis of earning a PhD degree after completion of a PharmD degree. Am J Pharm Educ. 2011 Feb 10;75(1):15. doi: 10.5688/ajpe75115. PMID: 21451769; PMCID: PMC3049656.

• Janet Foutty, chair and CEO, Deloitte Consulting LLP, Aspire to lead in Industry 4.0? Hone your soft skills. Deloitte.